Jenness Enterprises
GIS tools, research and teaching · Flagstaff, Arizona
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Sources Cited in the Tools

Every reference behind the Wildlife and Forestry Tools, in one list

Each tool page in this reference ends with the sources behind its method: the papers that introduced an index, the books the statistics come from, the standards a unit is defined by. This page gathers all of them into a single alphabetical list, numbered so the count is plain. The tools cite 240 sources across 89 pages.

  1. Agresti, A. 1990. Categorical data analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  2. Alberta Geomatics Historical Society. Chain, engineer's. <https://albertalandsurveyhistory.ca/?p=2804>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  3. Allouche, O., A. Tsoar, and R. Kadmon. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology 43:1223–1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01214.x Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  4. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Smoot. Online edition. <https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=smoot>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  5. Antor, R. J. 1994. Arthropod fallout on high alpine snow patches of the Central Pyrenees, northeastern Spain. Arctic and Alpine Research 26:72–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00040851.1994.12003042 Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics
  6. Aronov, B., M. van Kreveld, M. Löffler, and R. I. Silveira. 2011. Peeling meshed potatoes. Algorithmica 60:349–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-009-9346-8 Cited in: Maximum Inscribed Geometry
  7. Babin, G., S. Deneault, and G. Laporte. 2007. Improvements to the Or-opt heuristic for the symmetric travelling salesman problem. Journal of the Operational Research Society 58(3):402–407. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602160 Cited in: Estimated Shortest Path through Points
  8. Barlow, G. W. 1974. Hexagonal territories. Animal Behaviour 22:876–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(74)90010-4 Cited in: Adaptive Voronoi Polygons
  9. Barnes, R., C. Lehman, and D. Mulla. 2014. Priority-flood: an optimal depression-filling and watershed-labeling algorithm for digital elevation models. Computers & Geosciences 62:117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.04.024 Cited in: Topographic Wetness Index
  10. Batschelet, E. 1981. Circular statistics in biology. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics, Aspect Focal Statistics, Aspect Zonal Statistics as Table, Extract Aspect Values to Points, Polar Plots, Topography along Lines
  11. Beasom, S. L., E. P. Wiggers, and J. R. Giardino. 1983. A technique for assessing land surface ruggedness. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:1163–1166. https://doi.org/10.2307/3808184 Cited in: About Topographic Roughness, LSRI on Contours, LSRI on DEM, Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM)
  12. Beers, T. W., P. E. Dress, and L. C. Wensel. 1966. Aspect transformation in site productivity research. Journal of Forestry 64:691–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/64.10.691 Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics, Aspect Transformation
  13. Beier, P., and B. Brost. 2010. Use of land facets to plan for climate change: conserving the arenas, not the actors. Conservation Biology 24:701–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01422.x Cited in: About Land Facet Corridors, About Topographic Position Index, Land Facet Clustering, Land Facet Tutorial
  14. Beier, P., D. Majka, and J. Jenness. 2007, revised 2026. Designing wildlife corridors with ArcGIS: ArcGIS Pro edition. Workshop book, revised by J. Jenness for the Corridor Designer Tools of the Wildlife and Forestry Tools add-in. <https://www.jennessent.com/corridor-designer-tools/CorridorDesigner_WorkshopBook_2026_ArcGISPro.pdf>. Cited in: About Corridor Design, About Land Facet Corridors, Bottleneck Analysis, Clip Data to Analysis Area, Combine Habitat Factors, Corridor Design Tutorial, Corridor Evaluation Tutorial, Create Habitat Patches, Create Habitat Suitability Model, Create HSM Remap Table, Critical Habitat Feature, Cross-Tab Statistics, Cumulative Surface, Fill Corridor Holes, Histograms and Statistics, Identify Termini Polygons, Invert Raster, Land Facet Density, Land Facet Mahalanobis, Land Facet Tutorial, Least-Cost Corridor, Normalize Existing HSM, Patch Analysis, Reclassify Features in HSM, Slope Position Classification, Union Corridors, Weighted Summary Statistics
  15. Beier, P., D. Majka, and J. Jenness. 2007. Designing wildlife corridors with ArcGIS. Workshop book, Northern Arizona University. <https://web.archive.org/web/20250104221549/http://corridordesign.org/>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: About Corridor Design, Combine Habitat Factors, Corridor Design Tutorial, Create Habitat Patches, Create Habitat Suitability Model, Create HSM Remap Table, Critical Habitat Feature, Reclassify Features in HSM, Union Corridors
  16. Beier, P., D. R. Majka, and W. D. Spencer. 2008. Forks in the road: choices in procedures for designing wildland linkages. Conservation Biology 22:836–851. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00942.x Cited in: About Corridor Design
  17. Benhamou, S. 2004. How to reliably estimate the tortuosity of an animal's path: straightness, sinuosity, or fractal dimension? Journal of Theoretical Biology 229:209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.03.016 Cited in: Topography along Lines
  18. Bernabé-Poveda, M.-A., and A. Çöltekin. 2015. Prevalence of the terrain reversal effect in satellite imagery. International Journal of Digital Earth 8:640–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2014.942714 Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method
  19. Berry, J. K. 2002. Use surface area for realistic calculations. Geoworld 15(9):20–21. <http://www.innovativegis.com/basis/MapAnalysis/Topic11/Topic11.htm#Surface_area>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: About Topographic Roughness, Surface Area and Ratio
  20. Best, D. J., and N. I. Fisher. 1981. The bias of the maximum likelihood estimators of the von Mises-Fisher concentration parameters. Communications in Statistics – Simulation and Computation 10:493–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918108812225 Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics, Aspect Focal Statistics, Aspect Zonal Statistics as Table, Polar Plots
  21. Beven, K. J., and M. J. Kirkby. 1979. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24:43–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834 Cited in: Topographic Wetness Index
  22. Bezdek, J. C. 1981. Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms. Plenum Press, New York, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0450-1 Cited in: Land Facet Clustering
  23. Biland, J., and A. Çöltekin. 2017. An empirical assessment of the impact of the light direction on the relief inversion effect in shaded relief maps: NNW is better than NW. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 44:358–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2016.1185647 Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method
  24. Bowden, D. C., G. C. White, A. B. Franklin, and J. L. Ganey. 2003. Estimating population size with correlated sampling unit estimates. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/3803055 Cited in: Surface Area and Ratio
  25. Bowker, A. H. 1948. A test for symmetry in contingency tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 43:572–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1948.10483284 Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  26. Brassel, K. 1974. A model for automatic hill-shading. American Cartographer 1:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1559/152304074784107818 Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method, Blurred Hillshade, Multi-Sun Hillshade, Simple Hypsometric Shading
  27. Brodersen, K. H., C. S. Ong, K. E. Stephan, and J. M. Buhmann. 2010. The balanced accuracy and its posterior distribution. Pages 3121–3124 in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2010.764 Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  28. Brost, B. M., and P. Beier. 2012. Use of land facets to design linkages for climate change. Ecological Applications 22:87–103. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0213.1 Cited in: About Land Facet Corridors, About Topographic Position Index, Land Facet Clustering, Land Facet Density, Land Facet Mahalanobis, Land Facet Tutorial
  29. Brown, K. Q. 1979. Voronoi diagrams from convex hulls. Information Processing Letters 9:223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(79)90074-7 Cited in: Voronoi (Thiessen) Polygons within Boundary
  30. Buckley, A., and D. Barnes. 2004. ArcGIS cartography: creating advanced effects for cartography in ArcMap. Technical session, 2004 Esri International User Conference, San Diego, California, USA. <https://content.esri.com/mappingcenter2007/resources/presentations/uc04_creatingadvancedeffectswitharcmap.pdf>. Accessed 30 Sep 2026. Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method, Blurred Hillshade
  31. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures [BIPM]. 2019. The International System of Units (SI). Ninth edition (SI Brochure). BIPM, Sevres, France. https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291 Cited in: Unit Converter
  32. Bureau of Land Management. 2009. Manual of surveying instructions for the survey of the public lands of the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. <https://www.blm.gov/sites/default/files/Manual_Of_Surveying_Instructions_2009.pdf>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  33. Card, D. H. 1982. Using known map category marginal frequencies to improve estimates of thematic map accuracy. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 48:431–439. <https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820041921>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Classification Accuracy (Kappa)
  34. Chang, J. S., and C. K. Yap. 1986. A polynomial solution for the potato-peeling problem. Discrete & Computational Geometry 1:155–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187692 Cited in: Maximum Inscribed Geometry
  35. Clark, J. D., J. E. Dunn, and K. G. Smith. 1993. A multivariate model of female black bear habitat use for a geographic information system. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:519–526. https://doi.org/10.2307/3809276 Cited in: About Mahalanobis Distances, Calculate Statistical Matrices, Mahalanobis Distance at Points, Mahalanobis Distance Raster, Mahalanobis Distance — Chi-Square Transform
  36. Clarke, K. C. 1986. Computation of the fractal dimension of topographic surfaces using the triangular prism surface area method. Computers & Geosciences 12:713–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90047-6 Cited in: About Topographic Roughness, Fractal Dimension
  37. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 36, Section 222.50, Grazing fees (USDA Forest Service). <https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/36/222.50>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  38. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 43, Section 4100.0-5, Definitions (Bureau of Land Management, grazing administration). <https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/43/4100.0-5>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  39. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 43, Section 4130.8-1, Payment of fees (Bureau of Land Management). <https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/43/4130.8-1>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Unit Converter
  40. Cohen, J. 1960. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20:37–46. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  41. Cohen, J. 1968. Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychological Bulletin 70:213–220. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  42. Congalton, R. G. 1991. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment 37:35–46. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  43. Congalton, R. G., and K. Green. 1999. Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices. Lewis Publishers. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Classification Accuracy (Kappa), Estimate Sample Size
  44. Congalton, R. G., and R. A. Mead. 1983. A quantitative method to test for consistency and correctness in photointerpretation. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 49:69–74. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Compare Accuracy Analyses
  45. Conover, W. J. 1980. Practical nonparametric statistics. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons. Cited in: About Mahalanobis Distances
  46. Croes, G. A. 1958. A method for solving traveling-salesman problems. Operations Research 6(6):791–812. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.6.6.791 Cited in: Estimated Shortest Path through Points
  47. Dickson, B. G., and P. Beier. 2007. Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (Puma concolor) movement in southern California, USA. Journal of Zoology 271:270–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x Cited in: About Topographic Position Index, Classification System Builder, Slope Position Classification, Topographic Position Index (TPI)
  48. Dickson, B. G., J. S. Jenness, and P. Beier. 2005. Influence of vegetation, topography, and roads on cougar movement in southern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 69:264–276. https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0264:IOVTAR>2.0.CO;2 Cited in: Split Lines into Topography Segments
  49. Dilts, T. E., M. E. Blum, K. T. Shoemaker, P. J. Weisberg, and K. M. Stewart. 2023. Improved topographic ruggedness indices more accurately model fine-scale ecological patterns. Landscape Ecology 38:1395–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01646-6 Cited in: About Topographic Roughness, Arc-Chord Ratio (ACR), LSRI on DEM, Surface Area and Ratio, Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM)
  50. Draper, N. R., and H. Smith. 1998. Applied regression analysis. Third edition. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. Cited in: About Mahalanobis Distances
  51. Du, Q., V. Faber, and M. Gunzburger. 1999. Centroidal Voronoi tessellations: applications and algorithms. SIAM Review 41:637–676. https://doi.org/10.1137/S0036144599352836 Cited in: Adaptive Voronoi Polygons
  52. Du Preez, C. 2015. A new arc-chord ratio (ACR) rugosity index for quantifying three-dimensional landscape structural complexity. Landscape Ecology 30:181–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0118-8 Cited in: About Topographic Roughness, Arc-Chord Ratio (ACR)
  53. Duckham, M., L. Kulik, M. Worboys, and A. Galton. 2008. Efficient generation of simple polygons for characterizing the shape of a set of points in the plane. Pattern Recognition 41:3224–3236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.03.023 Cited in: Concave Hull
  54. Dumelle, M., T. Kincaid, A. R. Olsen, and M. Weber. 2023. spsurvey: spatial sampling design and analysis in R. Journal of Statistical Software 105(3):1–29. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v105.i03 Cited in: Spatially Balanced Sample (GRTS)
  55. Dunford, C. E., N. J. Marks, C. C. Wilmers, C. M. Bryce, B. Nickel, L. L. Wolfe, D. M. Scantlebury, and T. M. Williams. 2020. Surviving in steep terrain: a lab-to-field assessment of locomotor costs for wild mountain lions (Puma concolor). Movement Ecology 8:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00215-9 Cited in: Split Lines into Topography Segments
  56. Edelsbrunner, H., D. G. Kirkpatrick, and R. Seidel. 1983. On the shape of a set of points in the plane. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 29:551–559. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1983.1056714 Cited in: Concave Hull
  57. Efraimidis, P. S. 2015. Weighted random sampling over data streams. arXiv:1012.0256. <https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0256>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: Select Random Records
  58. Efraimidis, P. S., and P. G. Spirakis. 2006. Weighted random sampling with a reservoir. Information Processing Letters 97:181–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003 Cited in: Select Random Records
  59. Efraimidis, P. S., and P. G. Spirakis. 2008. Weighted random sampling. In Encyclopedia of algorithms. Springer, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30162-4_478 Cited in: Select Random Records
  60. Ekebom, J., P. Laihonen, and T. Suominen. 2003. A GIS-based step-wise procedure for assessing physical exposure in fragmented archipelagos. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57:887–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00419-5 Cited in: Longest Line in Polygon (Fetch), Radiating Lines and Points
  61. Esri. Contour (Spatial Analyst) tool reference, ArcGIS Pro. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/contour.htm>. Accessed 28 Sep 2026. Cited in: LSRI on DEM
  62. Esri. Extract Values to Points (Spatial Analyst). ArcGIS Pro tool reference. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/extract-values-to-points.htm>. Accessed 27 Sep 2026. Cited in: Extract Aspect Values to Points
  63. Esri. Flip Line (Editing) tool reference, ArcGIS Pro. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/editing/flip-line.htm>. Accessed 28 Sep 2026. Cited in: Topography along Lines
  64. Esri. Focal Statistics (Spatial Analyst). ArcGIS Pro tool reference. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/focal-statistics.htm>. Accessed 27 Sep 2026. Cited in: Aspect Focal Statistics
  65. Esri. How Slope works and How Aspect works. ArcGIS Pro tool reference. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/how-slope-works.htm> and <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/how-aspect-works.htm>. Accessed 28 Sep 2026. Cited in: Split Lines into Topography Segments
  66. Esri. Line Density (Spatial Analyst) tool reference, ArcGIS Pro. <https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/line-density.htm>. Accessed 8 Oct 2026. Cited in: LSRI on Contours, LSRI on DEM
  67. Esri. Zonal Statistics as Table (Spatial Analyst). ArcGIS Pro tool reference. <https://doc.esri.com/en/arcgis-pro/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/zonal-statistics-as-table.html>. Accessed 28 Sep 2026. Cited in: Aspect Zonal Statistics as Table, Slope Zonal Statistics as Table
  68. Evans, B. M., D. A. Walker, C. S. Benson, E. A. Nordstrand, and G. W. Petersen. 1989. Spatial interrelationships between terrain, snow distribution and vegetation patterns at an arctic foothills site in Alaska. Holarctic Ecology 12:270–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1989.tb00846.x Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics
  69. Fahnestock, J. T., K. L. Povirk, and J. M. Welker. 2000. Ecological significance of litter redistribution by wind and snow in arctic landscapes. Ecography 23:623–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00181.x Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics
  70. Farber, O., and R. Kadmon. 2003. Assessment of alternative approaches for bioclimatic modeling with special emphasis on the Mahalanobis distance. Ecological Modelling 160:115–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00327-7 Cited in: About Mahalanobis Distances, Mahalanobis Distance at Points, Mahalanobis Distance Raster, Mahalanobis Distance — Chi-Square Transform
  71. Fielding, A. H., and J. F. Bell. 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environmental Conservation 24:38–49. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  72. Fisher, N. I. 1993. Statistical analysis of circular data. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511564345 Cited in: About Aspect and Circular Statistics, Aspect Focal Statistics, Aspect Zonal Statistics as Table, Extract Aspect Values to Points, Polar Plots, Topography along Lines, Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM)
  73. Fleiss, J. L. 1981. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Compare Accuracy Analyses
  74. Fleiss, J. L., J. Cohen, and B. S. Everitt. 1969. Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychological Bulletin 72:323–327. Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis
  75. Foody, G. M. 2004. Thematic map comparison: evaluating the statistical significance of differences in classification accuracy. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 70:627–633. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.70.5.627 Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Compare Accuracy Analyses
  76. Foody, G. M. 2020. Explaining the unsuitability of the kappa coefficient in the assessment and comparison of the accuracy of thematic maps obtained by image classification. Remote Sensing of Environment 239:111630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111630 Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Classification Accuracy (Kappa)
  77. Fortin, D., H. L. Beyer, M. S. Boyce, D. W. Smith, T. Duchesne, and J. S. Mao. 2005. Wolves influence elk movements: behavior shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 86:1320–1330. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0953 Cited in: Split Lines into Topography Segments
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  79. Getz, W. M., and C. C. Wilmers. 2004. A local nearest-neighbor convex-hull construction of home ranges and utilization distributions. Ecography 27:489–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03835.x Cited in: About LoCoH Home-Range Analysis, Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) — Standard
  80. Getz, W. M., S. Fortmann-Roe, P. C. Cross, A. J. Lyons, S. J. Ryan, and C. C. Wilmers. 2007. LoCoH: nonparametric kernel methods for constructing home ranges and utilization distributions. PLoS ONE 2(2):e207. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000207 Cited in: About LoCoH Home-Range Analysis, Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) — Adaptive, Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) — Fixed Sphere, Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) — Standard, LoCoH Parameter Explorer
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  85. Gwet, K. L. 2008. Computing inter-rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 61:29–48. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711006X126600 Cited in: About Kappa and Classification Accuracy Analysis, Classification Accuracy (Kappa)
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  87. Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54:427–432. https://doi.org/10.2307/1934352 Cited in: Diversity Indices
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  89. Hodgson, M. E. 1995. What cell size does the computed slope/aspect angle represent? Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 61:513–517. Cited in: About Topographic Roughness
  90. Holloway, M. G., and C. P. Baker. 1972. How the barn was born. Physics Today 25(7):9. [Reprints their Los Alamos report LAMS-523 of 1944.] https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3070918 Cited in: Unit Converter
  91. Horn, B. K. P. 1981. Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proceedings of the IEEE 69:14–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1981.11918 Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method, About Topographic Roughness, Arc-Chord Ratio (ACR), Blurred Hillshade, Enhanced Hillshade, MDOW Hillshade, Multi-Sun Hillshade, Surface Area and Ratio, Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM)
  92. Horskins, K., P. B. Mather, and J. C. Wilson. 2006. Corridors and connectivity: when use and function do not equate. Landscape Ecology 21:641–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5203-6 Cited in: About Corridor Design
  93. Imhof, E. 2007. Cartographic relief presentation. Esri Press, Redlands, California, USA. [Reprint of the 1982 English edition, edited by H. J. Steward, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany; first published in German in 1965.] Cited in: About Hillshades and the Swiss Method, Multi-Sun Hillshade
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